I've heard the practice of medicine as described as "applied science." Engineering is described the same way. I think these are useful descriptions of both.
Even with the field of medicine there are joint MD and PhD programs intended on turning out physician-scientists. Which suggests that even within the field of medicine those just with MD and DO degrees are not regarded as scientists.
Perhaps forensic pathology is one of the exceptions outside of the dual degree physician-scientist paradigm.
I would like to say here in terms health, prevention, and pharmacology, civil engineering that successful establishes systems of clean drinking water and adequate systems of waste disposal saves more lives than prescription medication.
In terms of preventing illness there are probably many things a society and individuals can do to maintain and/or improve their health. Frequent walking is one may be one. If I recall correctly, life expectancy on the island of Sardinia is longer than in the United States. An island on which people in the 70s still walk up and down hills daily to fetch water for personal use.
I think I saw a show interviewing Cubans in Cuba in their 60s to 80s retired and playing cards and socializing with many of their peers, asking them what they attribute to the long life expectancy in Cuba. The answers typically were ease of life and reduced stress.
I suspect prolonged stress is a far greater threat to a person's body, health, than we appreciate. A simple life with a sufficient diet of healthy food, friends and family, security, and peace of mind probably can keep most people healthy without prescription medication or surgeries for a long time. Nonetheless, things happen, such as accidents. A person may suffer serious burns, lacerations, or other trauma to their body. A person may be born with certain disorders. Or a person may acquire some disease like skin cancer. We need modern medicine with modern science to tackle these problems. So, science has benefited humanity when it has been applied to medicine and medical problems.
But even in sophisticated nations like the United States with all its advanced medical science some within our population have not fared in certain ways, statistically, as well as some of their peers in developing or so-called "Third World" nations.
Ex.
http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/114430774.html
In 1900, the infant mortality rate in the United States was about 100 deaths for every 1,000 live births, or 1 in 10.
By 1960, it had been knocked down to 26 deaths per 1,000 births.
By 2008, it was 6.6.
Sounds good. But compare the U.S. infant mortality rate with the rest of the world.
With the caveat that some countries count and report infant deaths in different ways, the U.S., for all its wealth and medical sophistication, does poorly.
In recent years, the U.S. infant mortality rate has been twice that of nations as diverse as Japan, Sweden, Portugal and the Czech Republic.
One federal ranking, based on 2010 estimates, puts the U.S. rank at 46th among 222 nations. That puts it behind Cuba, Hungary and South Korea.
The city's black infant mortality rate during that period was 15.7, about 2.5 times the white rate.
These deaths are concentrated in a handful of ZIP codes, where poverty, joblessness and crime also are high.
The ZIP code with the highest rate was 53210 - which includes central city areas as well as parts of the Sherman Park and Enderis Park neighborhoods - with 19.5 deaths per 1,000.
That rate is worse than Colombia, Bulgaria and the Gaza Strip.